Knee joint prostheses are the process of replacing damaged or diseased cartilage and bone structures in the knee joint with artificial materials. Such prostheses are usually applied to patients who have severe damage and pain in the joint due to advanced arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or knee joint traumas. Here are the main features and types of knee joint prostheses:

 

1. Types of Prosthesis

 

Total Knee Prosthesis: This is a procedure in which the entire knee joint is replaced. Both the lower part of the thigh bone (femur) and the upper part of the tibia (shin bone) are replaced with a prosthesis.

 

Partial Knee Prosthesis: This is applied when there is damage to only one part of the knee (inner or outer part). Instead of replacing the entire joint, only the damaged part is renewed.

 

Revision Knee Prosthesis: This is a procedure in which the old prosthesis is removed and a new one is placed in case a previously placed knee prosthesis wears out, loosens or is damaged.

 

2. Prosthesis Materials

 

Metal Components: Cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium or stainless steel are usually used. These metals are durable and compatible with the body.

 

Polyethylene Components: Polyethylene, a soft and slippery type of plastic that comes into contact with the metal components, is used on the joint surfaces of the prosthesis. This reduces friction and extends the life of the prosthesis.

 

Ceramic Components: Although less common, ceramic materials can also be used. Ceramics cause less wear, but may carry a risk of fracture.

 

3. Surgical Procedure

 

Preparation: Before the surgery, the patient undergoes a detailed evaluation, examining the structure of the knee, range of motion and pain level. Imaging techniques (X-ray, MRI) are used before the surgery.

 

Surgery: Performed under general or spinal anesthesia. The surgeon removes the damaged joint surfaces and replaces them with artificial prostheses.

 

Rehabilitation: After the surgery, patients begin a physical therapy program. The physical therapy process is very important for full recovery and optimal function of the prosthesis.